{"id":18445,"date":"2024-07-09T08:24:19","date_gmt":"2024-07-08T23:24:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/?p=18445"},"modified":"2025-11-02T14:53:27","modified_gmt":"2025-11-02T05:53:27","slug":"battery-explorer-%e2%91%a1-the-4-key-components-of-a-secondary-battery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/archives\/18445","title":{"rendered":"[Battery Explorer] \u2461 The 4 key components of a secondary battery"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18447 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_01-800x362.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"452\" srcset=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_01-800x362.png 800w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_01-300x136.png 300w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_01-1024x463.png 1024w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_01-768x347.png 768w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_01-250x113.png 250w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_01-600x271.png 600w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_01-700x317.png 700w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_01-398x180.png 398w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_01.png 1240w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">In October 2019, the world witnessed the oldest Nobel Prize winner ever. This remarkable person was John B. Goodenough, professor at the University of Texas at Austin, who won the prize at the age of 97, and passed away in 2023. He was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry alongside with M. Stanley Whittingham, professor at Binghamton University, State University of New York, and Akira Yoshino, honorary fellow at Meijo University in Japan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">These three scientists were recognized by the Nobel Committee for their great contribution in the development of lithium-ion (li-ion) batteries, a type of rechargeable\/secondary batteries. The history of secondary batteries dates back to the 1850s, but their widespread use began only after the development of li-ion batteries. Their importance was highlighted in the official <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; text-decoration: underline;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/chemistry\/2019\/press-release\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">press release<\/a><\/span><\/span> of The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019 as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">\u201cThis lightweight, rechargeable and powerful battery is now used in everything from mobile phones to laptops and electric vehicles. It can also store significant amounts of energy from solar and wind power, making possible a fossil fuel-free society.\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_81 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/archives\/18445\/#_The_4_key_components_of_secondary_batteries\" >| The 4 key components of secondary batteries<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/archives\/18445\/#_Cathode_determining_li-ion_battery_capacity_and_output\" >| Cathode: determining li-ion battery capacity and output<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/archives\/18445\/#_Anode_determining_lifespan_and_charging_speed_of_li-ion_batteries\" >| Anode: determining lifespan and charging speed of li-ion batteries<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/archives\/18445\/#_Separator_ensuring_safety_inside_li-ion_cells\" >| Separator: ensuring safety inside li-ion cells<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/archives\/18445\/#_Electrolytes_transporting_ions_in_li-ion_cells\" >| Electrolytes: transporting ions in li-ion cells<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/archives\/18445\/#_%E2%80%9CBattery_Explorer%E2%80%9D_with_SK_Innovation_affiliates_products_and_technologies\" >| \u201cBattery Explorer\u201d with SK Innovation affiliates\u2019 products and technologies<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_The_4_key_components_of_secondary_batteries\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 15pt;\"><strong>| The 4 key components of secondary batteries<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; color: #000000;\">Secondary batteries exhibit remarkable properties in the course of two processes: discharging and charging. Discharge takes place when oxidation occurs at the anode (negative electrode), and reduction occurs at the cathode (positive electrode). It makes electrons move from the anode to the cathode. Conversely, during charging, electrons move from the cathode to the anode, powered by an external source, and pushing chemical reactions in the opposite direction. In the case of Lithium-ion batteries, battery charges when lithium ions move to the anode, and discharges when lithium ions return to the cathode.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 100%; max-width: 1340px; border: 2px solid #d5d5d5; padding: 5px 0px; line-height: 26px; font-size: 16px;\">\n<div style=\"padding: 0px 10px;\">\n<div style=\"margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13pt;\"><em><u>Redox (reduction-oxidation)<\/u><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif;\">A chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms change due to the transfer of electrons<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif;\">&#8211; <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif;\">Oxidation: <\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif;\">when a molecule, atom, or ion loses electrons <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif;\">(increase in oxidation state)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif;\">&#8211; <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif;\">Reduction: <\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif;\">when a molecule, atom, or ion gains electrons <\/span><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif;\">(decrease in oxidation state)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">The four key components of secondary batteries are the cathode, anode, separator, and electrolyte.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-18471\" src=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/KakaoTalk_20240708_181531020-ezgif.com-resize.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"452\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_Cathode_determining_li-ion_battery_capacity_and_output\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 15pt;\"><strong>| Cathode: determining li-ion battery capacity and output <\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">Cathode is the positive (+) electrode where the essential lithium for li-ion batteries resides, and during charging, lithium ions lose electrons, and oxidize at this electrode. On the contrary, during discharging, lithium ions gain electrons and reduce at this electrode. The cathode is made up of several components which are a current collector* (aluminum foil), cathode active material, conductive additive**, and binder. The cathode active material includes various metal elements such as lithium, nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and aluminum (Al). The combination of these elements determines battery&#8217;s capacity and output.<\/span><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">*Current collector: thin film about 10\u03bcm thick inside the battery with low electrical resistance, designed to conduct current to and from the active material during charging and discharging.<\/span><\/em><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">**Conductive additive: substance that accelerates electron movement between the anode active material and the cathode active material.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 100%; max-width: 1340px; border: 2px solid #d5d5d5; padding: 5px 0px; line-height: 26px; font-size: 16px;\">\n<div style=\"padding: 0px 10px;\">\n<div style=\"margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13pt;\"><em><u>Active materials<\/u><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-family: Nanum Gothic, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 17.3333px;\">Produce electrical energy through chemical reactions at the cathode and anode<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">Also, based on the combination of the mentioned above active materials, battery types are classified as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">\u25cf LCO (Lithium Cobalt Oxide) battery<br \/>\n\u25cf LMO (Lithium Manganese Oxide) battery<br \/>\n\u25cf LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) battery<br \/>\n\u25cf NCM (Nickel Cobalt Manganese) battery<br \/>\n\u25cf NCA (Nickel Cobalt Aluminum) battery<br \/>\n\u25cf LTO (Lithium Titanate Oxide) battery<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_Anode_determining_lifespan_and_charging_speed_of_li-ion_batteries\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 15pt;\"><strong>| Anode: determining lifespan and charging speed of li-ion batteries<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">Anode is the negative (-) electrode where lithium ions are reduced by gaining electrons during charging, and are oxidized by losing electrons during discharging. This is the opposite of the process that occurs at the cathode. The anode electrode consists of a current collector, aluminum foil, anode active material, conductive additive, and binder.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">Among these, anode material plays a major role in determining lifespan and charging speed. The more lithium ions anode material can store, the longer battery lifespan. Moreover, the better it acquires lithium ions, the shorter charging time. The overall performance of a cell actually largely depends on the performance of the anode material battery.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-18449 size-wcbig\" src=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_03-800x516.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"516\" srcset=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_03-800x516.png 800w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_03-300x194.png 300w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_03-1024x661.png 1024w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_03-768x495.png 768w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_03-250x161.png 250w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_03-600x387.png 600w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_03-700x452.png 700w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_03-279x180.png 279w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_03-930x600.png 930w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_03-1085x700.png 1085w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_03.png 1240w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">Currently, the most commonly used material for anode active material is graphite due to its affordable cost and stability. The graphite used in anodes is broadly divided into natural and artificial graphite. Natural graphite is inexpensive to procure since it can be sourced from nature and generally has a larger capacity. However, during the charging process of li-ion batteries, lithium ions moving from the cathode to the anode material stay between graphite layers, causing graphite to expand and potentially changing the battery&#8217;s structure. To improve it, synthetic graphite has been developed. Synthetic graphite offers superior charging speed and output compared to natural graphite, but it is more expensive to produce and has a slightly lower capacity. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">Recently, silicon has emerged as a next-generation anode material. It is because silicon anode materials have about 10 times more powerful energy density of graphite-based anode materials, which not only increases battery capacity, but also reduces charging time. While carbon found in graphite can store 1 lithium ion per 6 carbon atoms, silicon can combine with lithium ions and store a total of 22 lithium ions per 5 silicon atoms. Therefore, as the proportion of silicon increases, both battery capacity and charging speed improve, making silicon anode material highly effective.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_Separator_ensuring_safety_inside_li-ion_cells\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 15pt;\"><strong>| Separator: ensuring safety inside li-ion cells<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">Separator is a microporous film placed between the anode and cathode to stop short-circuiting within the battery while charging and discharging. It prevents internal short circuits during charging and discharging, ensuring that only ions pass from one electrode to the other, preventing electrons from moving in the wrong direction. It consists of a base film that plays a significant role in safety and performance, and a coating layer which guarantees thermal stability of separator.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-18450 size-wcbig\" src=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_04-800x400.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_04-800x400.png 800w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_04-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_04-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_04-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_04-250x125.png 250w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_04-600x300.png 600w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_04-700x350.png 700w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_04-360x180.png 360w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_04-1200x600.png 1200w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_04.png 1240w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">Depending on process principles, separators are generally divided into the Wet and the Dry process. Wet-laid separators are made using Thermally Induced Phase Separation (TIPS)*** method involves mixing oil with Polyethylene (PE) and Polypropylene (PP), kneading them at high temperature and pressure, and then cooling down, allowing oil components to separate. The oil components are afterward removed to create pores. Wet-laid separators can produce separators with high energy density, high capacity, high performance, and thin membranes with uniform pore size and distribution. However, they are less advantageous due to their high-cost production.<\/span><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">***Thermally Induced Phase Separation (TIPS): a manufacturing method using a solvent that dissolves at high temperature. The separator is created through temperature differences, and the pore size is determined by the type of solvent applied.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">Dry-laid separators are made by kneading PE and PP at high temperature and pressure, then cooling them down to form crystals. These crystals are mechanically stretched to create pores through a relatively simple manufacturing process. They have excellent conductivity and resistance to high temperature as well as oxidation. However, they have some disadvantages such as uneven pore size or lower stability.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_Electrolytes_transporting_ions_in_li-ion_cells\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 15pt;\"><strong>| Electrolytes: transporting ions in li-ion cells<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">The electrolyte in li-ion batteries fills the space between the cathode and anode, acting as a medium for moving lithium ions. During battery charging and discharging, lithium ions migrate through the electrolyte between the cathode and anode. To transport ions in a quick and safe way, the electrolyte must have excellent chemical and electrical stability, low freezing point, and high flash point to work effectively over a wide range of temperatures. Additionally, the so-called \u201cionic conductivity,\u201d which refers to the speed of ion movement within the electrolyte, should be high because faster lithium ion movement improves battery performance and speeds up charging.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">Electrolytes are generally divided into liquid and solid types. In li-ion batteries, liquid electrolytes consist of lithium salts (pathways for lithium ions), organic solvents (dissolve the lithium salts), and additives (determine the electrolyte&#8217;s characteristics).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">The all-solid-state battery, which gains attention as the next-generation battery, uses solid electrolytes instead of liquid ones. As a result, it does not require a separator to prevent contact between the cathode and anode, providing higher safety and energy density compared to conventional secondary batteries such as li-ion batteries. Solid electrolytes are classified into sulfide-based, oxide-based, and polymer-based types based on the raw materials composition.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-18451 size-wcbig\" src=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_05-800x400.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_05-800x400.png 800w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_05-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_05-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_05-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_05-250x125.png 250w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_05-600x300.png 600w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_05-700x350.png 700w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_05-360x180.png 360w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_05-1200x600.png 1200w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/07\/\uc804\uc9c0\uc801\ubc30\ud130\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc810_\uc601\ubb38_05.png 1240w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">So far, we have examined the four key components of secondary batteries which are cathode, anode, separator, and electrolyte. In brief, cathode determines battery density, anode influences capacity and performance, separator ensures safety, and electrolyte acts as a mediator for electron movement. A superior secondary battery can be produced only when these four key components work together in synergy.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_%E2%80%9CBattery_Explorer%E2%80%9D_with_SK_Innovation_affiliates_products_and_technologies\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 15pt;\"><strong>| \u201cBattery Explorer\u201d with SK Innovation affiliates\u2019 products and technologies<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">SK On, the battery business subsidiary of SK Innovation, has been recognized for the highest level of technology in the NCM battery field. It leads the market by developing high-nickel batteries, including NCM622 (60% nickel, 20% cobalt, 20% manganese), NCM811 (80% nickel, 10% cobalt, 10% manganese), and the highest specification for mid-to-large li-ion batteries, NCM9+ (90% nickel, 5% cobalt, 5% manganese), which were developed first in the world. Furthermore, SK On is working on two types of all-solid-state batteries, polymer-oxide composite and sulfide-based, which are expected to be pilot produced by 2025 and 2026, and commercial prototypes by 2028 and 2029 respectively. The sulfide-based next-generation battery pilot plant, currently under construction at SK On\u2019s Battery Research Institute in Daejeon, South Korea, is scheduled to be completed in the second half of 2025.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">SK IE Technology, the materials business subsidiary of SK Innovation, is a leader in the global wet-laid separator market with its cutting-edge technology. The company is the first in the world that successfully developed Sequential Stretching Technology, which allows separators to be stretched uniformly in both longitudinal (front-back) and transverse (left-right) directions, resulting in separators with precise properties and thickness. Furthermore, SK IE Technology\u2019s self-developed Ceramic Coated Separator (CCS) technology remarkably enhances durability of the separator. By coating the base film of the separator with ceramic particles, CCS prevents deformation and shrinkage under the heat generated by large-capacity batteries, thereby significantly minimizing fire risk.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">Secondary batteries have long powered our portable devices like laptops or smartphones, becoming indispensable in our daily lives. Now, their applications are expanding into various industrial fields, unlocking new and exciting possibilities. Stay \u201ccharged\u201d for more insights in the next article of Battery Explorer series!<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 100%; max-width: 11240px; border: 2px solid #d5d5d5; padding: 5px 0px; line-height: 26px; font-size: 16px;\">\n<div style=\"padding: 0px 10px;\">\n<div style=\"margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\"><strong>\u25a0 Related articles <\/strong><br \/>\n&#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/archives\/18022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> [Battery Explorer] \u2460 The history of battery \u2013 From dream to reality<\/a><br \/>\n&#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/archives\/19202\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> [Battery Explorer] \u2462 Applications and form factors of secondary batteries<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In October 2019, the world witnessed the oldest Nobel Prize winner ever. This remarkable person was John B. Goodenough, professor at the University of Texas at Austin, who won the prize at the age of 97, and passed away in 2023. He was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry alongside with M. Stanley Whittingham, &#8230; <a title=\"[Battery Explorer] \u2461 The 4 key components of a secondary battery\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/archives\/18445\" aria-label=\"Read more about [Battery Explorer] \u2461 The 4 key components of a secondary battery\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":18456,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1908,1910],"tags":[1416,20,1918,610,853,898,110,1661,269,31,648],"class_list":["post-18445","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energy-insight","category-energy","tag-anode","tag-batteries","tag-batteriesmaterials","tag-cathode","tag-electrolyte","tag-ev-batteries","tag-libs","tag-secondary-batteries","tag-separator","tag-sk-ie-technology","tag-sk-on"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18445","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18445"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18445\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":153391,"href":"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18445\/revisions\/153391"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18456"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18445"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18445"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18445"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}