{"id":18708,"date":"2024-08-22T09:30:58","date_gmt":"2024-08-22T00:30:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/?p=18708"},"modified":"2025-11-02T14:50:38","modified_gmt":"2025-11-02T05:50:38","slug":"energy-tidbits-how-kerosene-that-once-illuminated-the-night-now-powers-giant-airplanes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/archives\/18708","title":{"rendered":"[Energy Tidbits] How kerosene that once illuminated the night now powers giant airplanes"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"width: 100%; max-width: 11240px; border: 2px solid #d5d5d5; padding: 5px 0px; line-height: 26px; font-size: 16px;\">\n<div style=\"padding: 0px 10px;\">\n<div style=\"margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\"><strong>Energy Tidbits<\/strong> is a series to flavor your knowledge of energy industry with tasty tidbits.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-18723\" src=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc2dd_3\ud3b8_01_\uc601\ubb38-800x450.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" srcset=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc2dd_3\ud3b8_01_\uc601\ubb38-800x450.png 800w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc2dd_3\ud3b8_01_\uc601\ubb38-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc2dd_3\ud3b8_01_\uc601\ubb38-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc2dd_3\ud3b8_01_\uc601\ubb38-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc2dd_3\ud3b8_01_\uc601\ubb38-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc2dd_3\ud3b8_01_\uc601\ubb38-250x141.png 250w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc2dd_3\ud3b8_01_\uc601\ubb38-600x338.png 600w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc2dd_3\ud3b8_01_\uc601\ubb38-700x394.png 700w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc2dd_3\ud3b8_01_\uc601\ubb38-320x180.png 320w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc2dd_3\ud3b8_01_\uc601\ubb38-1067x600.png 1067w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc2dd_3\ud3b8_01_\uc601\ubb38-1244x700.png 1244w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc2dd_3\ud3b8_01_\uc601\ubb38.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">Since the discovery of fire, humankind has been able to overcome darkness. In the early days, fires were ignited by lightning strikes or volcanic activity. Later, people used animal fats to fuel stone lamps, and eventually turned to plant-based oils like.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18718\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18718\" style=\"width: 707px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18718\" src=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/2\ubc88\uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0_\uc218\uc815-800x558.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"717\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/2\ubc88\uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0_\uc218\uc815-800x558.jpg 800w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/2\ubc88\uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0_\uc218\uc815-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/2\ubc88\uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0_\uc218\uc815-768x535.jpg 768w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/2\ubc88\uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0_\uc218\uc815-250x174.jpg 250w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/2\ubc88\uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0_\uc218\uc815-600x418.jpg 600w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/2\ubc88\uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0_\uc218\uc815-700x488.jpg 700w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/2\ubc88\uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0_\uc218\uc815-258x180.jpg 258w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/2\ubc88\uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0_\uc218\uc815-861x600.jpg 861w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/2\ubc88\uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0_\uc218\uc815.jpg 1004w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 717px) 100vw, 717px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18718\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ancient Greek and Roman oil lamps (Source: <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #999999;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a style=\"color: #999999; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oil_lamp#\/media\/File:Group_of_ancient_hellenistic_an_roan_oil_lamps.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/span><\/span>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">On November 20, 1820, the American whaling ship Essex was attacked and sunk by a sperm whale in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. This dramatic real-life event later inspired Herman Melville\u2019s classic novel &#8220;Moby-Dick\u201d, published in 1851. At the time, oil extracted from sperm whales was used for lamps and candles, with a single whale yielding over 10,000 liters of whale oil. This demand fueled the whaling industry, leading to the near extinction of whales due to overhunting. However, an unexpected development revolutionized the lighting market and helped save whales from extinction.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18712\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18712\" style=\"width: 631px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18712\" src=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/3\ubc88_moby-dick.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"641\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/3\ubc88_moby-dick.jpg 779w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/3\ubc88_moby-dick-300x234.jpg 300w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/3\ubc88_moby-dick-768x599.jpg 768w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/3\ubc88_moby-dick-250x195.jpg 250w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/3\ubc88_moby-dick-600x468.jpg 600w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/3\ubc88_moby-dick-700x546.jpg 700w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/3\ubc88_moby-dick-231x180.jpg 231w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/3\ubc88_moby-dick-769x600.jpg 769w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 641px) 100vw, 641px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18712\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Left) An illustration from the first edition of Herman Melville\u2019s novel &#8220;Moby-Dick&#8221; \/ (Right) An illustration from the 1902 edition of &#8220;Moby-Dick\u201d (Source:<span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #999999;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"> <a style=\"color: #999999; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moby-Dick\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/span><\/span>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_81 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/archives\/18708\/#_Mass_production_of_kerosene_through_refining_techniques\" >| Mass production of kerosene through refining techniques<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/archives\/18708\/#_From_lighting_the_dark_to_powering_flight_and_space_exploration\" >| From lighting the dark to powering flight and space exploration<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_Mass_production_of_kerosene_through_refining_techniques\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 15pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">|<\/span> Mass production of kerosene through refining techniques<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-18724\" src=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc2dd_3\ud3b8_02_\uc601\ubb38-800x450.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc2dd_3\ud3b8_02_\uc601\ubb38-800x450.png 800w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc2dd_3\ud3b8_02_\uc601\ubb38-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc2dd_3\ud3b8_02_\uc601\ubb38-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc2dd_3\ud3b8_02_\uc601\ubb38-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc2dd_3\ud3b8_02_\uc601\ubb38-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc2dd_3\ud3b8_02_\uc601\ubb38-250x141.png 250w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc2dd_3\ud3b8_02_\uc601\ubb38-600x338.png 600w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc2dd_3\ud3b8_02_\uc601\ubb38-700x394.png 700w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc2dd_3\ud3b8_02_\uc601\ubb38-320x180.png 320w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc2dd_3\ud3b8_02_\uc601\ubb38-1067x600.png 1067w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc2dd_3\ud3b8_02_\uc601\ubb38.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">The person who created the kerosene we use today was Canadian geologist Abraham Pineo Gesner (1797 \u2013 1864). In 1846, he successfully extracted oil by heating coal, producing a distilled oil that was smokeless and shone as brightly as about ten candles. Gesner named this oil &#8220;kerosene&#8221;, combining the Greek word for wax, &#8220;k\u0113ros&#8221;, with the chemical suffix &#8220;-ene,&#8221; making kerosene became the proper name for this type of oil. In 1854, Gesner obtained a U.S. patent for his method of extracting kerosene from solid hydrocarbons like coal, paving the way for its mass production.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18713\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18713\" style=\"width: 390px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18713\" src=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/4\ubc88_Abraham-Gesner.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"548\" srcset=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/4\ubc88_Abraham-Gesner.png 260w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/4\ubc88_Abraham-Gesner-219x300.png 219w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/4\ubc88_Abraham-Gesner-250x342.png 250w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/4\ubc88_Abraham-Gesner-131x180.png 131w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18713\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A stamp issued by Canada Post commemorating Abraham Gesner (Source: <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #999999;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a style=\"color: #999999; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rcinet.ca\/en\/2016\/06\/27\/history-june-27-1854-the-canadian-inventor-who-saved-the-whales\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Radio Canada International<\/a><\/span><\/span>, Image copyright: Canada Post Corp)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">Around the same time, kerosene refining technology emerged in the UK and the U.S. In 1847, Scottish chemist James Young (1811 \u2013 1883) discovered natural oil seepage at the Riddings colliery in Alfreton, Derbyshire in England, and distilled it to obtain oil for kerosene use. By the following year, 1848, he had devised a method to extract oil from coal and began refining crude oil. As the next step, Young established the first commercial oil refinery in Bathgate, West Lothian, Scotland to mass-produce paraffin oil. This is why James Young is often referred to as \u201cJames Paraffin Young\u201d. Although slightly different from modern kerosene, paraffin oil was used for lighting and heating purposes, serving a similar role to that of kerosene at the time.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18714\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18714\" style=\"width: 657px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18714\" src=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/5\ubc88_Youngs-Paraffin-Light-Oil.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"667\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/5\ubc88_Youngs-Paraffin-Light-Oil.jpg 640w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/5\ubc88_Youngs-Paraffin-Light-Oil-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/5\ubc88_Youngs-Paraffin-Light-Oil-250x188.jpg 250w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/5\ubc88_Youngs-Paraffin-Light-Oil-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/5\ubc88_Youngs-Paraffin-Light-Oil-240x180.jpg 240w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 667px) 100vw, 667px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18714\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Replica of the display case used by James Young&#8217;s company, \u201cYoung&#8217;s Paraffin Light &amp; Oil\u201d (Source: <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #999999;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a style=\"color: #999999; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.historic-uk.com\/HistoryUK\/HistoryofScotland\/James-Paraffin-Young\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Historic UK<\/a><\/span><\/span>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">Meanwhile, across the Atlantic in the 1840s, American businessman Samuel Martin Kier encountered an unknown black oily substance while extracting salt from a salt well. Initially deemed useless, this oily substance was discarded into the Pennsylvania Canal. Upon noticing that the discarded oil slick caught fire, Kier began researching oil refining methods with a chemist in Pennsylvania. This led Kier to become the first in the U.S. to refine oil into kerosene, and he established the first American oil refinery in Pittsburgh in 1853. His pioneering efforts earned him the title of &#8220;Grandfather of the American Oil Industry&#8221;. Later, in 1859, Edwin Drake (1819 \u2013 1880) discovered an oil well in Titusville, Pennsylvania, and successfully implemented the world\u2019s first &#8220;vertical drilling&#8221;, leading to the commercial production of oil and mass production of kerosene in the U.S.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18715\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18715\" style=\"width: 311px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18715\" src=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/6\ubc88_Samuel_Kier.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"321\" height=\"504\" srcset=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/6\ubc88_Samuel_Kier.jpg 381w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/6\ubc88_Samuel_Kier-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/6\ubc88_Samuel_Kier-250x393.jpg 250w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/6\ubc88_Samuel_Kier-114x180.jpg 114w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 321px) 100vw, 321px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18715\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Samuel Kier\u2019s 5-barrel still, discovered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1923 (Source: <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #999999;\"><a style=\"color: #999999; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/ethw.org\/File:Kier_5_barrel_still.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ETHW<\/a><\/span>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">In 1853, in Poland, pharmacist Jan J\u00f3zef Ignacy \u0141ukasiewicz (1822 \u2013 1882) successfully refined oil to extract kerosene and developed the world&#8217;s first modern kerosene lamp. By 1854, he introduced this groundbreaking lamp to the streets, lighting up European nights like never before. These simultaneous advancements in oil refining and kerosene extraction technology were literally illuminating, making not only evenings brighter but also shaping the future for people around the world.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18716\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18716\" style=\"width: 391px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18716\" src=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/7\ubc88_Gorlicach.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"401\" height=\"539\" srcset=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/7\ubc88_Gorlicach.jpg 220w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/7\ubc88_Gorlicach-134x180.jpg 134w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18716\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Modern-day Gorlice in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland, where the world\u2019s first modern kerosene lamp was used for street lighting (Source: <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #999999;\"><a style=\"color: #999999; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ignacy_%C5%81ukasiewicz#\/media\/Plik:Gorlice_Lampa.JPG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/span>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">Kerosene, which played a crucial role in lighting up the nights of 19th century cities, saw its influence wane in the 20th century. With the invention of the light bulb by Thomas Alva Edison (1847 \u2013 1931) in 1879, kerosene\u2019s usage shifted to household heating oil for boilers and oil stoves. However, this was not the end of its story. Thanks to its high flash point, low viscosity, and cost-effectiveness, kerosene found new life as an invaluable energy source for aviation, demonstrating its enduring versatility well beyond its days of illuminating streetlamps.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_From_lighting_the_dark_to_powering_flight_and_space_exploration\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 15pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">|<\/span> From lighting the dark to powering flight and space exploration<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">On April 12, 1961, Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin (1934 \u2013 1968) became the first human to orbit the Earth, embarking on the Vostok 1(\u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a-1) spacecraft. What fuel powered the first-stage rocket engine of this historic mission? The key to sending Gagarin into space was kerosene.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18717\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18717\" style=\"width: 790px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18717 size-wcbig\" src=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/8\ubc88_Yuri-gagarin-800x514.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/8\ubc88_Yuri-gagarin-800x514.jpg 800w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/8\ubc88_Yuri-gagarin-300x193.jpg 300w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/8\ubc88_Yuri-gagarin-768x494.jpg 768w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/8\ubc88_Yuri-gagarin-250x161.jpg 250w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/8\ubc88_Yuri-gagarin-600x386.jpg 600w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/8\ubc88_Yuri-gagarin-700x450.jpg 700w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/8\ubc88_Yuri-gagarin-280x180.jpg 280w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/8\ubc88_Yuri-gagarin.jpg 823w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18717\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Left) Yuri Gagarin from the Soviet Union (present Russia), the first human in space \/ (Right) The Vostok 1 spacecraft that orbited the Earth (Source: <span style=\"color: #999999;\"><a style=\"color: #999999;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vostok_1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/span>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">Aircraft need to fly at high altitudes of 10 to 15 kilometers for extended periods. Therefore, aviation fuel must withstand low pressure and extremely low temperatures. To meet these demands, aviation fuel is formulated by adding various additives to kerosene. Kerosene has a high flash point of around 40\u00b0C and low viscosity, allowing it to flow smoothly even at low temperatures. Jet-A1, the most common aviation fuel, is based on kerosene. Jet-A1 evaporates well even at low temperatures and pressures, preventing vapor lock, which can block the flow of pressure. Additionally, it does not easily freeze and boasts excellent combustion and heat generation properties, making it the preferred fuel for today\u2019s commercial aircraft.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-18719\" src=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/Kerosene-and-Aviationa-Fuel-800x450.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/Kerosene-and-Aviationa-Fuel-800x450.png 800w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/Kerosene-and-Aviationa-Fuel-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/Kerosene-and-Aviationa-Fuel-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/Kerosene-and-Aviationa-Fuel-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/Kerosene-and-Aviationa-Fuel-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/Kerosene-and-Aviationa-Fuel-250x141.png 250w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/Kerosene-and-Aviationa-Fuel-600x338.png 600w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/Kerosene-and-Aviationa-Fuel-700x394.png 700w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/Kerosene-and-Aviationa-Fuel-320x180.png 320w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/Kerosene-and-Aviationa-Fuel-1067x600.png 1067w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/Kerosene-and-Aviationa-Fuel-1244x700.png 1244w, https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/08\/Kerosene-and-Aviationa-Fuel.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">As carbon neutrality becomes a global priority, the aviation industry is also experiencing a shift towards sustainability. In November 2023, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) under the United Nations set carbon emission reduction targets at the Conference on Aviation and Alternative Fuels (CAAF). The European Union (EU) has mandated the blending Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) into traditional aviation fuel. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">SAF, also known as bio-aviation fuel, is an organic fuel made from recycled materials such as used cooking oil, animal fats, and corn production waste. With a chemical structure similar to that of kerosene, SAF can be mixed with conventional aviation fuel without requiring any modifications to existing aircraft fuel systems or infrastructure, while significantly reducing carbon emissions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\">Kerosene, which once illuminated the night, has now become indispensable for aircraft soaring thousands of feet above the ground. It powers today\u2019s aviation industry. Who knows how kerosene will continue to shape our future beyond the skies?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/B3Gr835hPHs?si=4LWoMvIjlrJM22oz\" width=\"80%\" height=\"540\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 100%; max-width: 11240px; border: 2px solid #d5d5d5; padding: 5px 0px; line-height: 26px; font-size: 16px;\">\n<div style=\"padding: 0px 10px;\">\n<div style=\"margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nanum Gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;\"><strong>\u25a0 Related articles <\/strong><br \/>\n&#8211;<a href=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/archives\/18167\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> [Energy Tidbits] Petroleum was a key ingredient in ancient mummification?<\/a><br \/>\n&#8211;<a href=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/archives\/18332\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> [Energy Tidbits] From \u201cLight and Salt\u201d to \u201cLight and Petroleum,\u201d discovering the secrets behind \u201ctreasure hunts\u201d through the evolution of drilling techniques<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Energy Tidbits is a series to flavor your knowledge of energy industry with tasty tidbits. Since the discovery of fire, humankind has been able to overcome darkness. In the early days, fires were ignited by lightning strikes or volcanic activity. Later, people used animal fats to fuel stone lamps, and eventually turned to plant-based oils &#8230; <a title=\"[Energy Tidbits] How kerosene that once illuminated the night now powers giant airplanes\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/archives\/18708\" aria-label=\"Read more about [Energy Tidbits] How kerosene that once illuminated the night now powers giant airplanes\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":18720,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1908,1910],"tags":[1684,701,921,1578],"class_list":["post-18708","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energy-insight","category-energy","tag-kerosene","tag-oil","tag-petroleum","tag-sustainable-aviation-fuel"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18708","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18708"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18708\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":153390,"href":"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18708\/revisions\/153390"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18720"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18708"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18708"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/askinno.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18708"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}